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The electrophorus Volta, aka the electrophorus perpetual

has almost a magic name this instrument invented by Alessandro Volta in 1775. Recall some 'myths and dreams of some scientists, such as perpetual motion.
In fact, there was little in perpetuity. The electrophorus, a tool born to produce electric charges, if kept in good conditions could perform its function for several months without ever being charged.

But we're going to see better what it is.

is the first example of an electrostatic generator in which the separation of positive and negative induction occurs, or when the free electric charges of a conductor surrounded by a field change provision.

How do you separate the charges?

the disc is negatively charged ebonite is rubbed with a woolen cloth. Combining the metal shield, which connects the far side on the ground (even touching with a finger), you get a positive induced charge capable of producing a spark.

It consists of a layer contained in a metal tray, and a metal disc with insulating handle ( shield). The resin layer was negatively charged by friction (you can do with a woolen cloth), then the shield was placed in contact with the layer of resin.

By induction the shield is charged with positive sign on the side watching the resin has a negative sign on top. Tapping a finger on the upper face, the negative charges are discharged to the ground and a spark. The shield is thus positively charged.

If you pick up the shield and discharge positive electricity, you can have the shield on the new layer of resin and repeat the above steps without the resin should be rielettrizzata (in a dry place, the layer of protective resin the shield could be charged for months in fact). It was for this reason that once called the invention electrophorus perpetuity.

On the website of the department of physics, all'elettroforo page, you will see the video explaining how to operate, description and explanation.

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The desk and the desk of

What you see is the work table Alessandro Volta on which are set out his personal inventions, such as electrophorus, the gun-electric flogopneumatica, the eudiometer, the condenser, 'electroscope condenser, a straw and elettrometo cells (data from the brochure of the museum's history). That was his lab table, near which there is also his desk chair and his staff .
(photo below is taken from flickr user amaranta85). Now it is extremely neat, but it is not difficult to imagine it full of papers, notes , books and whatever else might be useful to the discussion of Professor Volta. (In the pictures on the sides, some manuscripts published on its website Department of Physics, but kept at the 'Istituto Lombardo Academy of Sciences and Letters of Milan )

I wonder what impression had its Students of him? Maybe some
considered him a god, others a mad scientist, a wizard ... and others it was their apprentices.

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Trivia Time: the stacks of time and the fire of 1899

As I mentioned in previous posts, the batteries of Volta exposed to the toilet in the museum are not original ones.

Manufactures true, those created by Alessandro Volta, were destroyed in a fire in Como in 1899, just at the 'Exhibition for the centenary of the stack, ironically. It was important that combined exposure of the main Italian industrial and the world, as well as recent inventions in the presence of the great names of science of the time. Inaugurating the event even attended King Umberto I.

Saturday, July 8, fifty days after the inauguration, "the Fairy White" (as was called the Exhibition) was completely devoured by a violent and sudden fire, probably caused by a short circ uito. In 45 minutes was reduced to a huge pile of smoking rubble. The fire broke out at 9.45 am and 10.30 am it was all ash and blackened rubble and twisted iron. At eleven the large fire was almost extinguished.

little that was left was picked up in a room of Museum "Paolo Giovio" and under the guidance of contractors and consultants experts, it came to compose the series of instruments to be destroyed alongside the original ones and personal memories of Alessandro Volta, while in a kiosk in the new position were put on display photographs, memorabilia and copies of other waste recovered from the fire.

Later, the relics "survivors" and the reconstructions were placed in Volta Temple, opened in 1928.

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The voltaic pile

little more than two centuries ago Alessandro Volta invented the battery, making a great innovation in the field of energy.
invention of such importance that almost immediately, found space on publications and encyclopedias around the world, as shown by this page to English encyclopedia, the first of the '800.

At the time he was 54 years, held the chair of Experimental Physics in our university and directed the famous physics laboratory (see previous post). It was also one of Europe's most famous physicists: think what an honor for the University Ticinense.

But how does the battery? We see this video in English, taken from a documentary. Otherwise, for more details on the Italian operation, description and explanation, visit this page from the site of the Department of Physics, University of Pavia , entitled to our hero.
Here you will find instructions instead to emulate your idol and build your personal stack voltiana.Il necessary? Things you might find quite easily:

• A plan of timber placed vertically on a circular base;
• discs or scraps of copper and zinc;
• A cloth soaked in an acid solution consisting of water and sulfuric acid;
  
• Two wires;
• A dead frog.
  

Stack the disks of copper and zinc by putting together the pieces of cloth soaked in the solution and place the column on the wooden floor. Connect the first and the last disk of the column with two copper wires, so it will create an electric potential which produces electric current (the flow of electrons due to the difference between the positions of the two poles). What is the dead frog?

not get to see or hear from animal rights activists: If you want to emulate Alessandro Volta in every way you should test the flow of current due to the contraction on the dead frog.

CAUTION: If the frog back to life to the shock, the animal there will thank you.

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The Cabinet of Volta

Continuing our walk we come across in the courtyards of the university in front of the Museum for the History of the University. (See the virtual tour ).

Again, our hero has left a trace.
Here we find his "Cabinet" ...

Do not be fooled by the fortuitous combination of words, it's nothing scandalous.
recall that 'toilet' means, according to De Mauro :
-small room used for personal use, spec. intended for the private reception and private interviews: the g. Prime Minister;
-local study in which a professional spec. a physician, carries out its activities: g. dental, g. children;
-in a museum room, where special collections are collected.

This helps us better understand what it is. The physics laboratory Alessandro Volta has his office, his studio, classroom, where he studied, reflected, experimentation. At least it was. The visible today at the Museum is a reproduction inaugurated the celebrations for the bicentenary of the invention Battery (1999) and temporarily closed for renovation.

The Cabinet has a rich collection of original instruments Alessandro Volta, such as those used to study the charges electric and electrified bodies: electrophoretic, electroscope electroscope straws and caps, electrometers , traps, pictures of Franklin and conductors of various forms.

But his most important invention you will see it only in next post ...

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Moment amarcord

Do you remember when she was little and my grandmother dropped a gift? "I bought us an ice cream ," he said when you try to refuse because of pressure from parents.

Ten thousand pounds, how much ice cream? Four or five ...

Thanks to grandmothers!

(second in front of 10 000 pounds there is shown the Volta Temple, located in the province of Como. For more information follow the link )

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traces

Just walking around the headquarters to note as Alessandro Volta has left visible traces of ...

First, once past the front door, you can see on left, a statue in the middle of a courtyard. What is the point where new graduates are put in place for the usual photos under the watchful eye of Volta, in search of spiritual protection.
Lucky them, have already crossed the line ...

From this point we can also see the signs that lead us to 'plenary time, one of the most beautiful rooms of the' University.

Saliamo le scale e finalmente arriviamo davanti all' Aula Volta.
Sopra l'ingresso però possiamo notare un'iscrizione.

theatrum physicis rebys tradendis

ab Imp. Caesare Josepho II Augusto in usum

Alexandro Voltae

i nstructimiv id. nov. a. mcmxlv

ducentesimo tanti viri die natali recurrente

universitas studiorum ticinensis

restaurandum curavit

huic aedi nomen voltae sit numinis instar

Unfortunately, the hall is closed and we can not continue the visit. However
our tour does not end here ...

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Once upon a time ...

There once was a guy named Volta.
There was once a 'University of Pavia, a guy named Volta.
Then, there was a Time in Pavia.
And Time!

Alessandro Volta, born in 1745, in 1779 Professor of Experimental Physics and head of cabinet of physics at the 'University of Pavia for 22 years. Right time to create, in 1800, something that revolutionized the existence of all: the battery.

The interest of this blog is to to go in search of the traces left in the Volta 'ticinense University.

it begins ...