has almost a magic name this instrument invented by Alessandro Volta in 1775. Recall some 'myths and dreams of some scientists, such as perpetual motion. In fact, there was little in perpetuity. The electrophorus, a tool born to produce electric charges, if kept in good conditions could perform its function for several months without ever being charged.
But we're going to see better what it is.
is the first example of an electrostatic generator in which the separation of positive and negative induction occurs, or when the free electric charges of a conductor surrounded by a field change provision. 
How do you separate the charges?
the disc is negatively charged ebonite is rubbed with a woolen cloth. Combining the metal shield, which connects the far side on the ground (even touching with a finger), you get a positive induced charge capable of producing a spark.
It consists of a layer contained in a metal tray, and a metal disc with insulating handle ( shield). The resin layer was negatively charged by friction (you can do with a woolen cloth), then the shield was placed in contact with the layer of resin.
By induction the shield is charged with positive sign on the side watching the resin has a negative sign on top. Tapping a finger on the upper face, the negative charges are discharged to the ground and a spark. The shield is thus positively charged.
If you pick up the shield and discharge positive electricity, you can have the shield on the new layer of resin and repeat the above steps without the resin should be rielettrizzata (in a dry place, the layer of protective resin the shield could be charged for months in fact). It was for this reason that once called the invention electrophorus perpetuity.
On the website of the department of physics, all'elettroforo page, you will see the video explaining how to operate, description and explanation.
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